Anonymous2: Red is the color of blood and of strawberries. Red is next to orange on the visible spectrum, and has the longest wavelength of all visible colors, between 630–740 nm. Longer wavelengths just past this range are called infrared (below red) and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Red is commonly associated with danger, passion, love, anger, socialism, and in China and many other cultures, with happiness.
Anonymous3(2): The word red comes from the Old English rēd. The word can be further traced to the Proto-Germanic rauthaz and the Proto-Indo European root reudh-. In Sanskrit, the word rudhira means red or blood. In the English language, the word red is associated with the color of blood, certain flowers (e.g., roses), and ripe fruits (e.g., apples, cherries). Fire is also strongly connected, as are the sun and the sky at sunset. Healthy, light-skinned people are sometimes said to have a "ruddy" complexion (as opposed to appearing pale). After the rise of socialism in the mid-19th century, red was used to symbolize and describe revolutionary movements.
Anonymous4(2): Inside Cave 13B at Pinnacle Point, an archeological site on the coast of South Africa, paleoanthropologists in 2000 found evidence that, between 170,000 and 40,000 years ago, Middle Stone Age people were scraping and grinding ochre, a clay colored red by iron oxide, probably with the intention of using it to color their bodies. This was the first documented evidence of the use of color for symbolic behavior.
Red, with black and white, was one of the first colors used by artists in the Upper Paleolithic age. The Cave of Altamira in Spain has a painting of a bison colored with red ochre that dates to between 15,000 and 16,500 BC.. Red was also the first color, after black and white, to have its own name.
In ancient Egypt, red was associated with life, health, and victory. Egyptians would color themselves with red ochre during celebrations. Egyptian women used red ochre as a cosmetic to redden cheeks and lips, and also used henna to color their hair and paint their nails. The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC.. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter’s palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to dye textiles, and also used it to dye white powder to use as a pigment.
In Ancient China, artisans were making red and black painted pottery as early as the Yangshao Culture period (5000-3000 BC). During the Han Dynasty (200 BC to 200 AD) Chinese craftsmen made a red pigment, lead tetroxide, which they called ch-ien tan, by heating white lead pigment. This color also was later widely used as the red in Persian and Indian miniature paintings, and in European art, where it was called red lead or minium. During the Han Dynasty aristocratic Chinese women wore silk gowns dyed with red, and owned fine red lacquerware.
Red dye made from the rubia plant has been used in India since ancient times. A piece of cotton dyed with Rubia dated to the third millenium BC was found at an archaeological site at Mohenjo-daro. It has been used by monks and hermits for centuries to dye their robes.
The early inhabitants of America had their own vivid crimson dye, made from the cochineal, an insect which feeds on cactus plants. Red-dyed textiles from the Paracas Culture (800-100 BC) have been found in tombs in Peru.
Anonymous5(2): In Ancient Greece and the Minoan civilization of Ancient Crete, red was widely used in murals and in the polychrome decoration of temples and palaces. The Greeks began using red lead as a pigment.
In Ancient Rome, purple was the color of the Emperor, but red had an important religious symbolism. Romans wore togas with red stripes on holidays, and the bride at a wedding wore a red shawl, called a flammeum. Red was used to color statues and the skin of gladiators. Red was also the color associated with the army; Roman soldiers wore red tunics, and officers wore a cloak called a paludamentum which, depending upon the quality of the dye, could be crimson, scarlet or purple.
The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times - the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury was highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.
Anonymous6(2): Red is any of a number of similar colors evoked by light, consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength range of approximately 630–700 nm. Longer wavelengths just past this range are called infrared, or below red, and cannot be seen by human eyes, although they can be sensed as heat. Red's wavelength has been an important factor in laser technologies; red lasers, used in early compact disc technologies, are being replaced by blue lasers, as red's longer wavelength causes the laser's recordings to take up more space on the disc than would blue-laser recordings. A main theory for why primates developed sensitivity to red is that it allowed ripe fruit to be distinguished from unripe fruit and inedible vegetation. This further drove other adaptations taking advantage of this new ability, such as red faces. Red light is also used to preserve night vision in low-light or night time situations, as the rod cells in the human eye are not sensitive to red. Red is one of the three additive primary colors of light, complementary to cyan, in RGB color systems. Red is also one of the three subtractive primary colors of RYB color space, but not of CMYK color space.
One common use of red as an additive primary color is in the RGB color model. Because red is not by itself standardized, color mixtures based on red are not exact specifications of color either. The United States government sets certain specifications for what paints to use when red is stated in a design. In order for computers to produce exact colors, the color red needs to be defined in terms of an absolute color space, such as sRGB color correction (so that a standardized red is produced that is not in fact the full intensity of only the red colorant).
Red illumination was (and sometimes still is) used as a safelight while working in a darkroom as it does not expose most photographic paper and some films. Though many more modern darkrooms use an amber safelight, red illumination is closely associated with the darkroom in the public mind.
Anonymous7(2): Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium-neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium-neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players. The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology. Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers. Portable, high-powered versions are also available for various applications. More recently, 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems, particle image velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and holography.
Anonymous8(2): Mars is called the Red Planet because of the reddish color imparted to its surface by the abundant iron oxide present there. Astronomical objects that are moving away from the observer exhibit a Doppler red shift. Jupiter's surface displays a Great Red Spot caused by an oval-shaped mega storm south of the planet's equator. Many elements exhibit a red color when burned: calcium, for example, produces a brick-red color when combusted.
Oxygenated blood is red due to the presence of oxygenated hemoglobin. When used to describe natural animal coloration, "red" usually refers to a brownish, reddish-brown or ginger color. In this sense it is used to describe the coat colors of reddish-brown cattle and dogs, and in the names of various animal species or breeds such as red fox, red squirrel, red deer, Robin redbreast, Red Grouse, Red Knot, Redstart, Redwing, Red Setter, Red Devon cattle, etc. This reddish-brown color is also meant when using the terms red ochre, red hair and Red Indian. The red herring dragged across a trail to destroy the scent gets its color from the heavy salting and slow smoking of the fish, which results in a warm, brown color. When used for flowers, red often refers to purplish (red deadnettle, red clover, red helleborine) or pink (red campion, red valerian) colors.
Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, leading to significant differences in mortality, reproductive success and parental investment between individuals displaying red and those not. In humans, wearing red has been linked with increased performance in competitions, including professional sport and multiplayer video games. Controlled tests have demonstrated that wearing red does not increase performance or levels of testosterone during exercise, so the effect is likely to be produced by perceived rather than actual performance. Judges of tae kwon do have been shown to favor competitors wearing red protective gear over blue, and, when asked, a significant majority of people say that red abstract shapes are more "dominant", "aggressive", and "likely to win a physical competition" than blue shapes. In contrast to its positive effect in physical competition and dominance behavior, exposure to red decreases performance in cognitive tasks and elicits aversion in psychological tests where subjects are placed in an "achievement" context (e.g., taking an IQ test).
Ferro: Contrary to popular belief, Bulls are not actually attracted to the color red. It is actually the motion, distance, and level of distraction the object causes that sends bulls into a rage. Now, red cloths are used in bull fights merely for tradition.
Proof of this lies in the bulls eyes. Though they are not completely colorblind, bulls cannot see red. They cannot distinguish between reds and greens like some humans, in fact, the strongest color they're able to pick up as an individual is blue. Most other colors are seen in different shades rather than completely different colors.
Red, with black and white, was one of the first colors used by artists in the Upper Paleolithic age. The Cave of Altamira in Spain has a painting of a bison colored with red ochre that dates to between 15,000 and 16,500 BC.. Red was also the first color, after black and white, to have its own name.
In ancient Egypt, red was associated with life, health, and victory. Egyptians would color themselves with red ochre during celebrations. Egyptian women used red ochre as a cosmetic to redden cheeks and lips, and also used henna to color their hair and paint their nails. The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC.. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter’s palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to dye textiles, and also used it to dye white powder to use as a pigment.
In Ancient China, artisans were making red and black painted pottery as early as the Yangshao Culture period (5000-3000 BC). During the Han Dynasty (200 BC to 200 AD) Chinese craftsmen made a red pigment, lead tetroxide, which they called ch-ien tan, by heating white lead pigment. This color also was later widely used as the red in Persian and Indian miniature paintings, and in European art, where it was called red lead or minium. During the Han Dynasty aristocratic Chinese women wore silk gowns dyed with red, and owned fine red lacquerware.
Red dye made from the rubia plant has been used in India since ancient times. A piece of cotton dyed with Rubia dated to the third millenium BC was found at an archaeological site at Mohenjo-daro. It has been used by monks and hermits for centuries to dye their robes.
The early inhabitants of America had their own vivid crimson dye, made from the cochineal, an insect which feeds on cactus plants. Red-dyed textiles from the Paracas Culture (800-100 BC) have been found in tombs in Peru.
In Ancient Rome, purple was the color of the Emperor, but red had an important religious symbolism. Romans wore togas with red stripes on holidays, and the bride at a wedding wore a red shawl, called a flammeum. Red was used to color statues and the skin of gladiators. Red was also the color associated with the army; Roman soldiers wore red tunics, and officers wore a cloak called a paludamentum which, depending upon the quality of the dye, could be crimson, scarlet or purple.
The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times - the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury was highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.
One common use of red as an additive primary color is in the RGB color model. Because red is not by itself standardized, color mixtures based on red are not exact specifications of color either. The United States government sets certain specifications for what paints to use when red is stated in a design. In order for computers to produce exact colors, the color red needs to be defined in terms of an absolute color space, such as sRGB color correction (so that a standardized red is produced that is not in fact the full intensity of only the red colorant).
Red illumination was (and sometimes still is) used as a safelight while working in a darkroom as it does not expose most photographic paper and some films. Though many more modern darkrooms use an amber safelight, red illumination is closely associated with the darkroom in the public mind.
Oxygenated blood is red due to the presence of oxygenated hemoglobin. When used to describe natural animal coloration, "red" usually refers to a brownish, reddish-brown or ginger color. In this sense it is used to describe the coat colors of reddish-brown cattle and dogs, and in the names of various animal species or breeds such as red fox, red squirrel, red deer, Robin redbreast, Red Grouse, Red Knot, Redstart, Redwing, Red Setter, Red Devon cattle, etc. This reddish-brown color is also meant when using the terms red ochre, red hair and Red Indian. The red herring dragged across a trail to destroy the scent gets its color from the heavy salting and slow smoking of the fish, which results in a warm, brown color. When used for flowers, red often refers to purplish (red deadnettle, red clover, red helleborine) or pink (red campion, red valerian) colors.
Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, leading to significant differences in mortality, reproductive success and parental investment between individuals displaying red and those not. In humans, wearing red has been linked with increased performance in competitions, including professional sport and multiplayer video games. Controlled tests have demonstrated that wearing red does not increase performance or levels of testosterone during exercise, so the effect is likely to be produced by perceived rather than actual performance. Judges of tae kwon do have been shown to favor competitors wearing red protective gear over blue, and, when asked, a significant majority of people say that red abstract shapes are more "dominant", "aggressive", and "likely to win a physical competition" than blue shapes. In contrast to its positive effect in physical competition and dominance behavior, exposure to red decreases performance in cognitive tasks and elicits aversion in psychological tests where subjects are placed in an "achievement" context (e.g., taking an IQ test).
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Proof of this lies in the bulls eyes. Though they are not completely colorblind, bulls cannot see red. They cannot distinguish between reds and greens like some humans, in fact, the strongest color they're able to pick up as an individual is blue. Most other colors are seen in different shades rather than completely different colors.